Did you read what raganwald wrote? He's saying that reading comprehension is not typically about memorization, it's often about model building. As a human reads they don't just fill up big bin with data, they build up models. When reading a narrative we will build up ideas of characters. We'll fill in more and more of their details. And when probed about the story we will fall back to our knowledge of those characters, and it may take us a while, if we even can, to figure out exactly which events in the narrative contributed to each aspect of a character.
In this case the object of the narrative is a microscope. And as people read through the text they aren't memorizing sentences or facts they are filling out the model, or character, of the microscope. But people who already have an accurate model of a microscope from personal experience will have an easier job doing so. It's similar to the way standardized tests can be racially biased. If I put forth a "story problem" about the rules of football, being familiar with those rules already gives one an advantage.
In this case the object of the narrative is a microscope. And as people read through the text they aren't memorizing sentences or facts they are filling out the model, or character, of the microscope. But people who already have an accurate model of a microscope from personal experience will have an easier job doing so. It's similar to the way standardized tests can be racially biased. If I put forth a "story problem" about the rules of football, being familiar with those rules already gives one an advantage.